Analysis of satellite data on NO₂ in urban environments: case study of the city of Madrid
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59192/mapping.463Keywords:
Nitrogen Dioxide, Air quality, Remote sensing, Urban environments, TROPOMI, MadridAbstract
This study analyzes the use of satellite data from the TROPOMI sensor aboard Sentinel-5P to evaluate nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) levels in urban environments, focusing on the Community of Madrid during 2023. Tropospheric concentrations measured by the satellite were compared with in situ data from ground-based air quality stations, showing a strong correlation (r=0.75), which improves in exclusively urban areas (r=0.79). The results reveal seasonal patterns, with higher concentrations in winter due to meteorological phenomena such as thermal inversions and heating emissions, and lower levels in summer associated with vacation periods. Differences were also identified between weekdays and weekends, reflecting the influence of traffic as the main emission source. This equivalence has also been used to assess the effectiveness of mitigation policies in the city. Although satellite data cannot fully replace in situ measurements, their integration with advanced techniques such as machine learning offers new opportunities for air quality monitoring and management. This work underscores the need to continue developing models that combine both sources to optimize their applicability in different regions.
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